The article says about the material culture of Atropatena - the historical state of Azerbaijan. It is noted that funerary monuments are one of the main elements of the material culture of the state of Atropatena. The scientific results obtained in recent years in the course of archaeological research conducted in the southeast of Azerbaijan and in the territory of Nakhichevan made it possible to comprehensively study the burial customs that existed in Atropatena. The study confirms the existence of many types of graves and various burial customs in the historical region of Atropatena. According to the available archaeological data, different burial customs of the tribes living in the Atropatena area can be mentioned. Thus, the various types of burials discovered in the territories included in the historical region of Atropatena help to reveal many features of the funeral rite of the tribes once lived here. These burial monuments belonging to local and alien tribes reflect their religious beliefs. At the same time, these types of burials are important in studying the political, cultural, and socio-economic relations of Atropatena with the state of the Achaemenids, Parthia, and Rome.

The article prepared on the basis of archival materials discusses the political aspects of the armenian church’s activities in Azerbaijan at the junction of the Stalinist and Khrushchev eras in the USSR. The methods of spreading its influence among the Armenian population of the republic and the role in the ethno-confessional processes which ultimately led to the ethnic confrontation between Armenians and Azerbaijanis was described. Methods of fighting against the influence of the Armenian church by the Azerbaijani authority has been also disclosed.Purpose: The study aims to analyze the ethno-confessional contradictions in Azerbaijan, which took place contrary to the official policy of internationalism in the USSR. Method of research: Descriptive, statistical and analytical. Scientific novelty: ?onsists in the fact that the study is based on previously unexplored archival materials, which contain specific data on various conflict situations related to the activities of the armenian church in Azerbaijan.

The article says about the history of the study of the ancient and medieval city of Gabala, located in the northwestern region of Azerbaijan. The first research on this ancient settlement began in the middle of the 20th century. The ruins of the ancient city of Gabala mentioned in written sources concerning to the 1st century AD are located near the village of Chukhur-Gabala. Research conducted here for over 60 years has revealed the rich history of the city.

Although some studies have been conducted in Western countries on religious attitudes and behaviors, there are very few studies conducted in this field in Muslim countries. One of the highprofile studies on this topic in Islamic culture was based on the thoughts of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali. The psychology of religion is being used through a scale for measuring levels of religious development widely based on these thoughts in the 21st century by Ilhan Topuz. According to Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, people can be studied in three groups within the objective structure of religion. He believed that in order to understand the people’s religious relations and behavior, it is very important to know their nature, that is, ourselves, our essence because people learn religion through their abilities, motives, perceptions, and interests, thus they form religious relations and behavior with this way. Due to this issue is investigated within the framework of the psychology of religion, it is based on the psychological findings and analyzes of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali.

The the article studies the large-scale works on improvement and construction carried out during the late middle ages in Ganja which has an ancient history and urban planning traditions. The essence of the reconstruction and restoration works carried out in accordance with the architectural traditions in the city, distinguished by its local structure was investigated on the basis of various scientific sources, archival documents, works of local and foreign researchers. Characteristic features of urban culture in the studied historical stage, heritage traditions originating from national architecture was applied in accordance with the contemporary requirements of the period under study and construction measures carried out with reference to new construction styles were studied on scientific basis. In the historical stage the development of the city infrastructure in the necessary directions, the implementation of various restoration and beautification works, as well as the compatibility of the implementation of reconstruction works with the demographic situation of the population in Ganja were investigated

According to Islamic teachings, trade, cultural and economic relations between Muslims and people of other religions are permissible. However, it is unacceptable and inadmissible to provide any assistance, especially the sale or gift of military weapons, to countries that have committed aggression and oppression against other peoples and persist in doing oppression and aggression. First of all, this is confirmed by common sense and thinking, as well as by the Qur’an and Sunnah, which are considered the main sources of the Islamic religion. In the past centuries, religious scholars based on those sources also came to the appropriate conclusion and stated that selling weapons to an infidel is forbidden and a great sin from the point of view of Islam. Although selling arms to an infidel is forbidden in Islamic sources, the essence of the matter is that it also forbids religious people to provide any assistance to an aggressor. For example, establishing political, cultural and economic relations with deviant and aggressive infidels that will revive them and keep them on their feet, selling them oil and gas, providing them with water, electricity, gas, and etc.

manuscript copies, lithographs and old printed books, personal archives of the works belonging to scholars and thinkers of different nations are preserved in the Institute of Manuscripts named after Mahammad Fuzuli of the National Academy of Sciences. The manuscript copies which cover the sciences of the Islamic religion, such as hadith, fiqh and kalam about the written scientific heritage of the representatives of the Uzbek people, Abu Leys as-Samarkandi and al-Leysi as-Samarkandi take a special place in this manuscript treasure. The main goal of the article is to study the manuscript copies belonging to Abu Leys as-Samarkandi and al-Leysi as-Samarkandi preserved in the Institute of Manuscripts from the point of view of textual studies, to systematize them and give information about their paleographic features. The research was carried out based on information about manuscript copies on the library shelves of the Institute of Manuscripts, manuscript catalogs published in the Institute of Manuscripts up to the present time, as well as catalogs of the world’s manuscript treasures and libraries.

Arthur Schopenhauer developed a system of metaphysics, ethics and aesthetics based on the concept of the will. In the second half of the 19th century, his works greatly influenced philosophers, artists and other European intellectuals. Schopenhauer, who published the book “The World as Will and Imagination” at the age of thirty, remained faithful to the ideas in this book until the end of his life. In the article, the important features of the will, which has a leading position as a metaphysical concept in the irrationalist concept of Arthur Schopenhauer, were considered. According to Schopenhauer, people are not the only manifestation of the will. At the foundation of everything is the manifestation of the will. That is, he uses the word will in a broad sense. The will is the cause of everything, and even the truth of the cause is the will in itself .

In the article, the experience of religio-cultural coexistence in the Karabakh Khanate was studied, the mosaic of coexistence, which can be called Karabakh-like, or the Karabakh model, was given such a formula: «the dominant management structure, elite, dominant culture and thinking, religion, sect, secondary management structures, different culture and thinking, other tolerant attitude towards religion and sects, characterized by tolerance, based on cultural and religious pluralism». Analyzing the available materials, it became clear that the ruling elite, dominant culture, ruling religion and sect in the Karabakh Khanate had a tolerant attitude towards the non-self, i.e. another, and protected it, and shared these elements in the general social, political and cultural activities in the territory of the Khanate. . Thus, coexistence in the Karabakh Khanate has been justified at the political, religious-cultural and social level, accompanied by a concrete precedent and conjuncture.

One of the most discussed issues in the modern world is the resolution of conflicts between religions and denominations. No method or system proposed so far has been able to completely eliminate them. Although these disagreements are discussed and analyzed in religious, social, political contexts, the intellectual analysis of this issue is often ignored. It is generally accepted by all mankind that the monotheistic religions have the same root. It is also concerning to different denominations within the same religion. However, this aspect is usually not taken into account on investigating the root of the conflicts. The purpose of this article is to illuminate the view of Eynalguzat Miyaneji, the great philosopher of the East who lived in the 12th century and is to evaluate the possibility of what can be achieved in the direction of solving the problem by realizing this vision in the modern world.

Researches conducted in the field of psychology of religion in Azerbaijan are a minority. One of these topics is the emotional development and religious imagination during adolescence - the idea of God and the prophet. Adolescence covers 12-17 years. This period is considered as emotional period. Because a number of emotional states are noticeable in teenagers - fear, excitement, anger, depression. A sense of old age begins to develop in teenagers. As a sense of conscience is getting developed in them they understand the elderly better. They want the current love and attention shown to the elderly to be done for them in the future. Adolescents begin to communicate with others. These people can be classmates, relatives. Adolescents’ religious concept - the concept of God and the prophet - is significantly changed compared to childhood. They already have abstract thoughts. God is invisible and exalted, and the Prophet is his messenger. The main goal is to have detailed information about this topic. Because there is a great need to investigate the period of adolescence. It can be the main resource for those looking for information about it

In Islamic history and culture, there are many outstanding and great scholars, one of which is Sheikh Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hurr al-Amili. This valuable scholar was one of the great figures of Islam, he served as Shaykh al-Islam and Gazul-Guzat of the Safavid State of Azerbaijan in the 17th century until his death, and also studied with great scholars, got a consent to narrate hadith, taught and wrote very beneficial works. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that such a scientist has not been studied and there is little information about him. He was in touch with many scientists of his own time, got permit from them, and also gave permit to some of them. Allamah Mohammad Baqer al-Majlisi, one of the greatest of them, respected each other and allowed each other to recite hadith from all their books. At the same time, permission was given to him by the great Azerbaijani Muhaddith Agha Hussein al-Khansari. He has eight works on hadith, sixteen on fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), four on usul al-fiqh (methodical jurisprudence), eleven on kalam, two on tafsir, six on biographical evaluation and four on morality, two on prayer, six on poetry, literature and linguistics, seven on various sciences such as astronomy, mathematics and geometry, and sixty-six widely known to cover other subjects. Among them, the outstanding and most famous work is “Wasa’il al-Shia”. Along with him “Amal al-amil”, “Bidayat al-Khidaya”, “Isbat -Hudat” and others, there are also works. Among his nicknames, the nicknames “Sahib al-Vasail” and “Sahib al-Amal” show how important his works are. The study of such valuable scholars associated with Islam in general and Azerbaijan specifically indicates how much we attach importance to science and scientists, and leads to the study of our scientific culture and the possession of our moral values.

The article searched the genocide committed against the Turkish-Muslim population in 1918 and the investigation of the activities of the Caucasian Islamic Army. In modern Azerbaijani historiography attention has been paid to the level of study of the subject and also unlike Soviet historiography attention was paid to its objective study. Currently, it was mentioned that the study of the topic is actual. Attention was paid to the reasons of the invitation of Caucasian Islamic Army to Azerbaijan, the situation in Azerbaijan after the March genocide and the attitude to these issues in historiography.

The article says about the progress on archaeological excavations carried out on April, 2017 in the jar graves, discovered northwest of Seyidlar village in Samukh district, as well as the revealed remains of tangible culture. Archaeological research was tackled without delay at the jar graves, which were discovered accidentally during construction work in the pipeline corridor in the Expansion of the South Caucasus pipeline (ESCP) project. A necropolis area comprised of jar graves was found on the site during archaeological excavations and three jar graves located along the pipeline trench were excavated. Graves 1 and 2 were located close to one another, 400-420m north of the third one. Significant damage was inflicted to the jar graves during the pipeline trench excavation and archaeological material was scattered around. Clay vessels of different shapes and beads were found inside the burial jars. Based on the obtained ceramic items, the finds can be dated to the ancient period (the 2nd century BC & 2nd century CE).